During the time of the Shimla agreement and its pact between India and Pakistan, the Pakistan Army capitulated to the Indian Army in East Pakistan. According to Pakistan’s official statistics, over 73 thousand prisoners of war, including 45,000 troops or paramilitaries, were in Indian captivity, and approximately 5,000 square miles of western Pakistan were under Indian control.
The Control
In this context, the Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, and the President of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, met in Shimla. The accord struck here was afterward referred to as the Shimla Agreement. The date of signature on the agreement paperwork is listed as 2 July 1972. In actuality, this paper was signed on July 3, early in the morning.
Following the conflict between India and Pakistan in 1971, East Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh. Both nations committed to addressing their problems by mutual agreement by peaceful measures, including mutual discussions or other peaceful ways.
There was no constitution in Pakistan, which was the political circumstance there. The future of the National Assembly elected in the general election of 1970 could not be predicted with confidence. The losing parties demanded that the election be voided. As the head of a triumphant nation, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s popularity among the Indian populace grew.
Abbreviation
In such a context, there was talk of a plan to ‘teach Pakistan additional lessons’ in front of India, and many publications were urging that ‘Defeated Pakistan’ should be compelled to settle all conflicts, including Kashmir, permanently, according to Indian conditions. But fix it.
There was dissatisfaction in the Pakistani army following the surrender in East Pakistan, and there was no mechanism to have the detainees released because there was no constitution. As a result, martial law was declared and control was handed to a civilian. A civilian Chief Marshal Administrator was appointed in this manner.
Respond To The Agreement
But Indira Gandhi refused to meet with Pakistan. President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan’s civilian top marshal administrator, visited Russia and stated that Pakistan wants to put pressure on India to initiate negotiations through its “old” friend Russia. Indira Gandhi decided to talk with Pakistan after great diplomatic effort.
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