Earlier Medieval History (712 AD - 1200 AD) :-
=> Between these years, 3 attackers come to India with an intension to invade. And they are as follows:-
| S.N | Names Of The Invaders | No. Of Times |
| 1 | Muhammad Bin Qasim | 1 |
| 2 | Muhammad Gajnabi | 17 |
| 3 | Muhammad Ghori | 5 |
=> Now, lets discuss about each one of them:-
1. Muhammad Bin Qasim :-
He comes from Iran.
He attacked on Sindh (Presently a province in Pakistan) in the yaer 712 AD. On that time Dahir was the King Of Sindh.
[Remember: Al Hazaz was the Khalifa of Iran on that time].
Chachnama was the book which tells about the attack on Sindh by Muhammad Bin Qasim.
Muhammad Bin Qasim was the first to collect Jajiya from Hindustan at that time.
Muhammad Bin Qasim attacked in the year 712 and invaded on a very large scale and also took more than 600 womens as slaves and presented them infront of al Hazaz (Khalifa of Faras / Iran on that time).
2. Muhammad Gajnabi (Also known as Muhammad Ghazni) :-
- He attacked Hindustan 17 times.
- He belongs to Ghazni, Afghanistan.
- He was the son of sabugtageen (King Of Ghazni).
[Remember: Sabugtageen has two sons namely;
- Muhammad Ghajnabi
- Smaiel (He was mentally unstable)
- Muhammad Ghajnabi killed his own father Sabugtageen and sits on a throne in 998 AD.
- First time attacked Hindustan in the year- 1001 AD-1027 AD. During this period he attacked 17 times and invaded the areas on large scale.
- In 1025 AD, he attacked Somnath Mandir in Gujrat and invaded 700 man gold and 1200 man silver.
Remember :-
- 1 man= 40 kilogram
- 700×40= 28000 kilogram (gold)
- 1200×40=480000 kilogram (silver)
- Muhammad Gajnabi died in 1030 AD.
- During Muhammad Gajnabi, Hindustan had most numbers of historians and some of the prominent historian names are as follow:-
- Al Baruni
- Farruki
- Utvi
- Sistani
- Firdosi
[From these historians, we know that Mhammad Gajnabi attacked Hindustan 17 times]
- Al-Baruni wrote a very famous book named ‘Kitab-Ul-Hind’- which tells about Muhammad Gajnabi.
3. Muhammad Ghori :-
- Muhammad Ghori attacked Hindustan 5 times :-
| Year | Attacked on | Result |
| In 1175 | 1st attack in Multan at that time Moolraj was the ruler of Multan. | Won |
| In 1178 | 2nd attack in Mount abu at that time Bheem Dev-2 was the ruler. | Lost |
| In 1191 | 3rd attack also known as ‘Battle Of Tarain-1’ against Prithivi Raj Chauhan. | Lost |
| In 1192 | 4th attack also known as ‘Battle Of Tarain-2’ against Prithivi Raj Chauhan. | Won |
| In 1194 | 5th attack in Chandawar battle against Jai Chand who was the King Of Kannuj. | Won |
In Bihar, Muhammad Ghori’s commander Bhaktiyar Khiliji destroyed Nalanda University on Muhammad Ghori’s order.
Muhammad Ghori printed godess Laxmi in its coins.
